Globalization

“The world is so empty if one thinks only of mountains, rivers and cities; but to know someone here and there who thinks and feels with us, and though distant, is close to us in spirit - this makes the earth for us an inhabited garden”

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe93

Chapter Footnotes and Hyperlinks

  1. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath: he was a novelist, dramatist, poet, humanist, scientist, philosopher and for ten years, Chief Minister of State at Weimar. http://www.quoteland.com/author.asp?AUTHOR_
    ID=960

  2. The fictionalized account of this important story in human history is based on Genesis 11:1-9.

  3. Peleg and Joktan became two of the central figures in the Genesis account because of Genesis 10:25 (NIV) “Two sons were born to Eber: One was named Peleg, because in his time the earth was divided; his brother was named Joktan.”

  4. Because of the long life spans of men in those days Shem would be about 200 years old. See Genesis 11:10: Shem was 98 at the time of the flood.

  5. One very interesting revelation is how close these events were to the time of the flood. If you follow the chronology of Shem in Genesis 11:10-17, you will find that Peleg was born 101 years after the flood.

  6. I suggest in my story that this is a unique technology. Because scripture emphasizes how they built indicates that it is a significant part of the story. Genesis 11:3 (NIV) …"Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly." They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.

  7. A picture of the now famous painting can be found online at: Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The Tower of Babel . 1563. Oil on panel. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. http://www.abcgallery.com/B/bruegel/bruegel50.html It includes the city of Babel surrounding the tower with the exception of water on one side.

  8. Nimrod is central to the building of Babel. Genesis 10:8-10 (NIV) Cush was the father of Nimrod, who grew to be a mighty warrior on the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD; that is why it is said, "Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter before the LORD." The first centers of his kingdom were Babylon, Erech, Akkad and Calneh, in Shinar. (Babylon was originally called Babel.)

  9. This comes from the commission that God gave Noah and his sons when they left the ark. Genesis 9:1 (NIV) Then God blessed Noah and his sons, saying to them, "Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth.”

  10. I offer this idea as a possible motive for building such a high tower. Because the flood was still very much a part of their consciousness, it is possible that they would seek to avoid this judgment again.

  11. Genesis 11:4 (NIV) Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth." This indicates that their motive was beyond escaping judgment. Their desire to make a name for themselves is interesting seeing that they were all gathering in one place. I suggest that this need for fame is their desire to reach out to God. Their desire to gather together and escape judgment is connected to this new name they sought.

  12. Genesis 11:5 (NIV) But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower that the men were building.

  13. The scripture does not indicate any involvement of Noah in the dividing of the peoples. However, the time-lines indicate clearly that Noah was still alive at this time. Genesis 9:28 (NIV) After the flood Noah lived 350 years.

  14. Genesis 11:6-7 (NIV) The LORD said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other."

The First Worldwide Movement

  1. Some interesting statistics can be found at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language

  2. Ed Folsom. Walt Whitman’s Native Representations. Cambridge University Press, May 1997. Page 17.

  3. “The index measures the three main dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. In addition to three indices measuring these dimensions, we calculate an overall index of globalization and sub-indices referring to actual economic flows, economic restrictions, data on personal contact, data on information flows, and data on cultural proximity. Data are available on a yearly basis for 123 countries over the period 1970-2003.” Dreher, Axel. Does Globalization Affect Growth? Evidence from a new Index of Globalization. KOF Konjunkturforschungsstelle, 2006 http://www.globalization-index.org/

  4. Genesis 11:4 (NIV)

Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0

  1. Thomas L. Friedman. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. Page 9. This is a best-selling book by Thomas L. Friedman analyzing the progress of globalization in the early twenty-first century.

  2. Ibid., page 9-10.

  3. Ibid., page 10.

No More Borders

  1. Laurence Wright. The Terror Web. Originally published in The New Yorker magazine 2 August 2004. It can be found at Laurence Wright’s website at: http://www.lawrencewright.com/art-madrid.html

  2. The Barna Group. More People Use Christian Media Than Attend Church. The Barna Update. 14 March 2005 http://www.barna.org/FlexPage.aspx?Page=Barna
    Update&BarnaUpdateID=184

  3. Robert Krulwich and Chris Farrell. Global 3.0. American Radio Works 1 March 2006. Podcast through RSS feeds. I downloaded it from Audible.com.

Who is My Neighbor?

  1. Luke 10:27 (NIV). Luke 10:25-37 is known as the parable of the Good Samaritan. Jesus teaches what it truly means to “love your neighbor as yourself.”

  2. http://www.logos.com/ This is probably the most scholarly Bible software on the market today. It is also one of the most expensive.

  3. http://www.digitalbiblesociety.org/ You can learn much more about this project here. You can join the Society, donate finances and order CD’s for distribution at this website.

  4. Digital Bible Society Vision. Digital Bible Society. 5 April 2006. http://www.digitalbiblesociety.org/vision.htm and Digital Bible Society Mission. Digital Bible Society. 5 April 2006. http://www.digitalbiblesociety.org/mission.htm

  5. Lord's Resistance Army. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 5 April 2006 19:55 UTC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord's_Resistance_Army “The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), formed in 1987, is a rebel paramilitary group operating mainly in northern Uganda. The group is engaged in an armed rebellion against the Ugandan government in what is now one of Africa's longest-running conflicts. It is led by Joseph Kony, who proclaims himself a spirit medium, and apparently wishes to establish a state based on his unique interpretation of Biblical millenarianism. The LRA have been accused of widespread human rights violations, including the abduction of civilians, the use of child soldiers and a number of massacres.”

  6. NGO – Non Government Organizations are typically non-profit organizations working in the third world to bring aid.

  7. The Bingham’s work through Action International can be viewed at http://www.actionintl.org/action

Global Government or Not

  1. In the digital audio book, The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the New Economy Pekka Himanen tells story after story of how digital technology is changing the way people around the world are using the internet to escape the confines of government control. You can download the book at www.audible.com.

Let’s Not Forget our Christian Mandate

  1. An exceptional article on the topic with views presented for and against Dispensationalism can be found at: Dispensationalism. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 29 March 2006 20:37 UTC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispensationalism “Dispensationalism is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. As a branch of Christian theology, it teaches biblical history as a number of successive economies or administrations under God known as "dispensations," and emphasizes the continuity of the Old Testament covenants God made with the Jewish people through Abraham, Moses and King David. Dispensationalist Christian eschatology emphasizes a premillennial futurist view of prophecy of the "end times" and a pretribulation view of the rapture.”

  2. See pages 50-52.

Listen to Greg read this section:

“Settling in the plush and beautiful plains of Shinar94 seems to be our destiny” argued Joktan. “Why follow the ramblings of an old man? Why endure the hardship of traveling enormous distances only to work the rest of our days trying to subdue some harsh environment, or worse, see our children starve to death because the barren earth won’t give us fruit?”

“God decreed to our great father and his sons that we are to fill the earth,” debated his brother Peleg.95

“Perhaps our great father is too stubborn because of his old age,” immediately replied Joktan.

Peleg’s response was just as quick “Or perhaps he still fears the God who chose him to survive the great washing away.

“And didn’t God also spare our great grandfather, Shem? He didn’t argue with the plan, he thinks we should be part of the grand coming together?” responded Joktan.

In fact Shem96 did not oppose the “coming together.” He would listen to his father’s objections but wasn’t convinced that his was the voice to follow. They had forged out into the new earth almost one hundred years97 ago just after the great flood but had found nothing but bleak devastation. Hardship awaited them in every region where they had wandered. Shem was right to allow his son, Japheth to take the lead of the clan and bring them to Shinar. He would not let the debate go any further. It was Japheth’s decision and Peleg would have to follow his leadership.

The clan of Japheth was the last clan in the entire world to make this trek eastward. When the caravan came to the top of the last hill, the multitude of men, wives and children stopped and gazed in amazement. Only Shem had seen a city made of brick before but nothing that even closely resembled what they were beholding.

The buildings stretched dozens of square miles before them. On the south side of the city rose a great plume of smoke where many brick smelters cooked the blocks into stones. All of the known ways to build did not include what they saw. The slime and pitch from the swamps to the south mixed with mortar from the mountains to the north created a rock-hard substance that rose before them as the new city.98

Japheth’s clan was the last to do what all the clans of the earth had being doing for the last decade, committing their effort and family to the vision of the new leader of the earth. They had come to Babel .99

The evening after they arrived, a great feast was called in their honor at the center of the city. Babel was built in a ring around a small but gradual rise. This center region was left void of buildings and at the top of the hill that evening, all the peoples of the world finally met together as one great family. It had been over one hundred years of nomadic wandering since they had been together. And now, with all three of the sons of Noah present, the vision had come to pass.

The tall, muscular Nimrod 100 was the last to stride up the gradual slope with his entourage of armed men. His reputation had traveled far and wide for decades among the earth. Whenever news came to the nomads from their distant cousins, it always included tales of the mighty Nimrod. Many late nights were spent around the fires telling the adventures of “the greatest of all hunters before the eyes of God.” The messengers would tell how before Nimrod had reached manhood, he saved the clan of Cush from starvation. Cush’s clan had wandered too far into the eastern mountains and was trapped by the winter snows only to run out of food. Nimrod had single-handedly hunted and killed a wild and monstrous, hairy beast, bringing it down with both his bow and spear. It had provided food for the entire winter to the tables of the starving families.

His reputation distinguished him as more than just the greatest hunter of the earth. In the years to follow, all the clans had selected and sent at least one of their strongest young men to train under Nimrod . They would return to their families with more than new skills to hunt. They would return as disciples of this charismatic leader. They would bring Nimrod’s new vision for humanity. His plan was to end the wanderings of the scattered people to work together as one family and build a people, a culture and a city that even God would not be able to stop.

Even Peleg seemed to be swept away with Nimrod ’s compelling vision delivered in his speech that night. The great leader called for all the peoples of the earth to lay aside their claims to various regions. He called for all differences to be settled. His words were full of passion, desire and direction. They were sure words, full of command and vision, something which all the clans seemed to lack. Peleg remembered feeling this way once before when he had heard the great patriarch, Noah speak to his clan, though the message had been very different. Noah had commanded them to go into all the earth, to rebuild and replenish the wastelands.101 Noah had spoken with as much passion that a man of his ancient years could muster. If only he were here now, perhaps Peleg would not be as swept away with this new vision for mankind.

Nimrod ’s preaching to this global gathering was full of fire and great oratory. Truly he had become so much more than a “great hunter.” He had become mankind’s great leader. His speech ended with a stunning call to action.

“The great sons of Noah , our fathers,” he exclaimed, “have brought us all together to this great vision. Years ago in our wanderings we came upon the clan of Sidon, son of Canaan. They had discovered one of the old world arts of making brick and begun to build homes. Using this new method had caused others to fear the wrath of God and so they had been banished from the other clans. They had separated from their cousins out of fear for their lives. Nevertheless, this new technology created a safe place from the elements. Their way of life changed and their families prospered. We have improved upon their technology by adding special ingredients from this region.” Nimrod ’s voice began to rise. “Now we can build a great city in this place of prosperity. We can create a place for all of mankind to dwell together under one vision and one voice.” His face flushed red with passion. “What of the God of Noah? What of His call to scatter? What of the danger of judgment? We will make a place for ourselves in His Temple in Heaven. We will build a tower that will reach into His Heaven; a tower so strong, made with our new technology, which He cannot tear down with wind or storm; a tower so tall that He cannot cover it with the waters as in the time of old.102 And then He will love us and He will give us a name – we will be the children of God – we will be his people again.”102 Everyone was standing now, even the elders, waiting for the next words of Nimrod, all waiting for this new vision that would transform their existence. “We will build it here on this very spot!”

The multitude exploded in exultant cheers. In unison the whole earth chanted, “He will give us a name! He will give us a name! He will give us a name...”

As those around him were caught up in the frenzy, Peleg knew what he had to do. The next day he gathered his wife and small children and left the plush plains of Shinar. He refused to blaspheme the God of Noah . He would not be a part of this abomination. No one else joined him.

Decades of collaboration, communication and work transforming this new technology yielded the most astonishing structure. The city and tower continued to be the unifying force for humanity. Joktan’s sons had been small children when they first arrived; now they were the new generation of foremen shaping new methods and techniques that enabled them to build a stronger city and a higher tower. They grew up as city dwellers and city builders. Thanks to the mighty Nimrod , their families had a much safer, easier life. This new generation of youth developed many new technologies for efficient communication, transportation and growth as the city and the people of the earth stretched out. At the center of it was the great tower. It spiraled high into the skies of Shinar, competing with the distant mountains for the skyline view. Surely God and his messengers would take note. . . . . .

Read or Listen to more.